Humanity still does not fully comprehend the diversity of life on Earth. According to an analysis of top papers published by MDPI in March and April 2024, scientists are making significant progress in biodiversity research, including the discovery of new families and species belonging to the order Carcharhiniformes (ground sharks) in the deep sea. These discoveries remind us that far more unknown life forms exist on Earth than we imagine. The deep sea is considered one of the most inaccessible places on Earth. A significant portion of the ocean remains largely unexplored, and deep-sea regions, in particular, are characterized by extreme environments such as immense pressure, low temperatures, and the absence of light. Organisms surviving in these conditions exhibit astonishing adaptability, offering new possibilities for biological research and technological development. The new taxonomic discoveries within the order Carcharhiniformes signify more than just adding new species to a list. They provide crucial clues for understanding the evolutionary processes of marine ecosystems, the mechanisms of speciation, and survival strategies in extreme environments. MDPI's research analysis emphasizes the continued need for scientific exploration in vast, human-inaccessible areas, not only on land but also in high-altitude regions and the deep sea. This means that biodiversity research is essential for completing the overall picture of Earth's ecosystems, going beyond merely satisfying academic curiosity. In Korea's case, marine research has historically focused on coastal waters, but there is now a growing need for deep-sea research. Domestic research institutions, including the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), are advancing deep-sea exploration equipment and technology, but increased international cooperation and investment are crucial at this juncture. Research into deep-sea organisms is not merely about understanding biological diversity. It can provide important insights for environmental protection and sustainable development. The adaptive mechanisms of organisms surviving in extreme environments can inspire solutions to various environmental problems we currently face. For example, the unique biochemical mechanisms exhibited by deep-sea organisms have potential applications in diverse fields such as biotechnology, new drug development, and environmental remediation technologies. Biodiversity conservation is one of the most critical challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. Discovering and classifying new species is the essential first step in formulating conservation strategies. This is because we must first understand what exists to know what to protect. As MDPI's research analysis shows, many species still remain scientifically undescribed, and some may be at risk of extinction even before they are discovered. This highlights the urgency of biodiversity research and suggests the need to carefully consider the impact of human activities on unknown ecosystems. Meanwhile, technological innovation is opening new possibilities across biology and medicine. Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a key driver of progress in healthcare and scientific research. One of the studies included in MDPI's 2024 top paper analysis demonstrates how the use of AI in lung cancer research contributes to improving patient outcomes. AI plays a crucial role in efficiently collecting and analyzing vast patient data, posing clinically relevant questions, and improving treatment methods. Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide, and it is also a major cause of death in Korea. The introduction of AI technology can support medical professionals in various aspects, including early diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis prediction. In particular, AI shows excellent performance in medical image analysis, assisting or sometimes even surpassing human experts in detecting subtle lesions in CT scans or X-ray images. Furthermore, AI can comprehensively analyze a patient's genomic information, medical history data, and lifestyle information to propose personalized treatment strategies. As the MDPI study emphasizes, AI can serve as a partner in asking clinically meaningful questions, going beyond merely being a data processing tool. AI can identify patterns within vast medical data, uncover previously undiscovered correlations between treatments, and suggest new research directions. Korea possesses an excellent medical infrastructure and electronic health record system, providing a favorable environment for AI-based medical research. By leveraging these strengths, Korea has the potential to achieve a leading position in the field of AI medical technology. AI Technology's Innovation in Medicine and Environment AI's application is not limited to the medical field. AI plays a significant role in various domains such as environmental science, climate change research, and biodiversity monit